In September 1940, New Caledonia joined the Free France organization, founded June 1940, after the June 1940 Fall of France. On November 8, 1942, US Navy South Pacific headquarters moved to Noumea. Noumea is the capital City of New Caledonia on the southwest end of the island. New Caledonia has been a colony of France since 1853. At its peak 50,000 troops were stationed at Naval Base Noumea. Noumea was protected against submarine attack by ring of islands and Naval minefields. Naval Base Noumea had anchorage for large ships. The Base was built during World War II to support the many ships and aircraft fighting and patrolling in the South West Pacific theatre of war as part of the Pacific War. Noumea is on the east side the Coral Sea, 1,469 km, (913 miles) from Brisbane, Australia. Noumea was picked for a Naval Base as it was beyond the range of Japanese land-based planes. Naval Base Noumea was built at Noumea Harbor. Naval Base Noumea was a major United States Navy sea and air base at Nouméa, New Caledonia. Map of Noumea, New Caledonia and Ile Nou Island
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